One of the major applications of linear algebra involving systems of linear equations is in finding the maximum or minimum of some quantity, such as profit or cost. In mathematics the process of finding an extreme value (maximum or minimum) of a quantity (normally called a function) is known as optimization . Linear programming (LP) is a branch of Mathematics which deals with modeling a decision problem and subsequently solving it by mathematical techniques. The problem is presented in a form of a linear function which is to be optimized (i.e maximized or minimized) subject to a set of linear constraints. The function to be optimized is known as the objective function . Linear programming finds many uses in the business and industry, where a decision maker may want to utilize limited available resources in the best possible manner. The limited resources may include material, money, manpower, space and time. Linear Programming provides various methods of solving such problems. In this unit, we present the basic concepts of linear programming problems, their formulation and methods of solution.
